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Facial Plast Surg 2011; 27(6): 529-539
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1298786
© Thieme Medical Publishers

Botulinum Toxin: Clinical Techniques, Applications, and Complications

Scott Stephan1 , Tom D. Wang1
  • 1Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Publication Date:
28 December 2011 (online)

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ABSTRACT

This article outlines practice routines, clinical techniques, applications, and complications of botulinum toxin type A treatment of mimetic facial and neck muscles. Detailed descriptions are provided for each clinical indication that maximize the treatment of the intended muscle groups while minimizing potential complications.

KEYWORDS

Botulinum - glabellar rhytids - Botox

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Tom D. WangM.D. 

Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University

3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239

Email: wangt@ohsu.edu